Velázquez: Baroque Pioneer Realism & Impressionism Artist (Cont.)
宫廷画师在当时是和小丑、侏儒等一样处于较为卑贱的地位，但委拉斯开兹在晚年已经获得了贵族身份。到底是怎样的画作，能够让他得到如此重视，获此殊荣呢？
At the time, the court painter was more humble than the clowns and gnomes, but Velázquez had already acquired the status of nobility in his later years. What kind of paintings can make him so valued and won this honor?
委拉斯开兹对人物表情的准确捕捉，物质光泽的精准描绘，以及色彩的多样性运用，使得他笔下的人物栩栩如生，当观者从远处观赏一幅作品时，更能体会到人物的立体感，获得“3D体验”。
Velázquez’s accurate capture of the character’s expression, the precise depiction of the material gloss, and the diverse use of color make the characters in his brushstroke come to life. When we see this work from a distance, we will see the character’s three-dimensional sense and get “3D experience”.
1648年委拉斯开兹奉命为国王收购艺术品而再次访问意大利，他受到了教皇英诺森Ⅹ世的款待，故而为他花了一幅肖像画以表感谢。画中的英诺森十世双眉紧锁，一双眼睛透露出警觉和犀利，鹰钩形的鼻子下是紧闭的双唇，他身着红色绸缎外袍、洁白衬衣和绸裙，坐在镶嵌金银宝石的座椅上。背景为暗红色的天鹅绒帷幕，使得整个画面沉着厚重而又金碧辉煌。教皇本人看到这幅作品后曾赞叹到：“太像了！”。
In 1648, Velázquez was ordered to visit Italy for the King’s purchase of art, and he was treated by Pope Innocent X. He painted a portrait as a gift return. Innocent X’s eyebrows are tightly locked in the painting, and his eyes reveal alertness and sharpness. Under the eagle-shaped nose are closed lips. He is wearing a red satin robe, white shirt and silk skirt, sitting inlaid with gold and silver gems on the seat. The background is a dark red velvet curtain, making the whole picture luxurious and glorious. After seeing this work, the pope himself admired: “It’s so vivid!”
1651年，委拉斯开兹回到了西班牙，创作了这幅《镜前的维纳斯》。在当时，西班牙宗教管制严厉，裸体像属于大不敬。委拉斯开兹绘制了一个女性的裸体背影，并为这幅画冠名《镜前的维纳斯》，以神作幌子，可以说打了一个擦边球。这幅画幸存了下来，成为西班牙历史上的第一幅裸体像。画中的维纳斯曲线优美，流露出一股宁静、端庄的气质。没有佩戴任何珠宝，也没有鲜花做装饰。爱神丘比特扶着镜子，维纳斯娇好的面容在镜中若隐若现。
In 1651, Velázquez returned to Spain and wrote this “Rokeby Venus”. At that time, the religious control in Spain was strict, and nude images belonged to great disrespect. Velázquez drew a naked back of a woman and titled the painting “Rokeby Venus” under the guise of a god. The artwork survived and became the first nude portrait in Spanish history. The Venus curve in the painting is beautiful, exuding a quiet, dignified temperament. No jewelry was worn, and no flowers were used for decoration. Cupid, the god of love, leaned on the mirror, and Venus’s delicate face was looming in the mirror.
画面中，维拉斯开兹的以镜子作为反射这一设计，为后世带来了很多启发。此外，他对光线的灵活运用，明暗的巧妙对比，以及他笔触中的潇洒和随意，都为后来的印象派带来很大影响，因而委拉斯开兹也被称为印象派画家的典范，“第一位”印象派画家。
The design of Velasquez’s mirror as a reflection has brought a lot of inspiration to future generations in the painting. His flexible use of light, the ingenious contrast between light and dark, and the chic and casual in his brushstrokes significantly impact the later Impressionism, so Velazquez is also known as a model of Impressionist painters — the “first Impressionist painter”.
