Delacroix: The Romanticist Who Inspired Coldplay
浪漫主义始于18世纪末的德国。不少学者认为浪漫主义是启蒙运动的反弹。启蒙运动强调绝对的理性，而浪漫主义则更加强调个体的感性。浪漫主义派画家从内心世界出发，从直觉、想象力、强烈的情感等角度作画，描绘个体面对战争时的惊恐，面对死亡时的不安，亦或是面对大自然时的敬畏……
Romanticism began in Germany at the end of the 18th century. Many scholars believe that Romanticism is a backlash from the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment emphasized absolute rationality, while Romanticism put more emphasis on individual sensibility. Romantic painters start from the inner world, paint from the perspectives of intuition, imagination, intense emotions, etc., depicting the individual’s terror when facing war, the anxiety when facing death, or the awe when facing nature…
欧仁·德拉克洛瓦(Eugène Delacroix)(1798–1863)是法国的著名浪漫主义画家，他受到鲁本斯的影响，注重色彩在画作中的应用，他在色彩方面的贡献为后来的印象派画家带来了很大的影响。
Eugène Delacroix (1798–1863) was a famous French romantic painter. He was influenced by Rubens and paid attention to the application of color in his paintings. His contributions brought significant influence to the later impressionist painters.
1822年，土耳其人攻占了属于希腊版图的西奥岛，近两万人被屠杀，四万人被卖为奴隶。德拉克洛瓦愤怒之下，绘制《西奥岛的屠杀》，披露入侵者的凶残。画面并未描绘烧杀抢掠的场景，转而刻画了手无寸铁的希腊俘虏 — — 有的人泪流满面，互相依偎着，似乎是在作最后的告别，有的人精疲力竭，呆滞地坐在地面上，似乎已向任人宰割的命运低头，一位老妇人抬头望着天空，目光绝望却又无奈，一个小婴儿趴在母亲的身上，似乎还在寻找温暖，而他的母亲此时形容枯槁，已被折磨致死。在这样的情境下，可恨的侵略者骑着骏马，高高在上，残暴而又凶狠。画面背景处隐约可见阵阵浓烟，希腊人民的哭喊与嚎叫似乎透过画面传入了我们耳中。
In 1822, the Turks captured Theo Island, which belongs to the Greek territory. Nearly 20,000 people were massacred, and 40,000 were sold into slavery. In anger, Delacroix painted “The Massacre at Chios”, revealing the invaders’ brutality. The screen does not depict the scene of burning, killing, and looting, but instead represents unarmed Greek prisoners. — — Some people burst into tears, leaning against each other, seeming to be making the final farewell, some people are exhausted and sit on the ground sluggishly, Seems to have bowed to the fate of being slaughtered, an old woman looked up at the sky, her eyes desperate but helpless, a little baby lying on her mother, seems to be still looking for warmth, and his mother described it as withered at this time, Has been tortured to death. In this situation, the hateful aggressor rides a horse, high above, cruel and fierce. In the background of the screen, thick smoke can be seen vaguely, and the cry and howling of the Greek people seem to have passed into our ears through the screen.
德拉克洛瓦使用采用褐灰色调和明暗对比，将暗褐色的阴影打在了侵略者的身上，而将这群手无寸铁的百姓放置于亮处，他们的悲痛、他们的伤痕被突显出来。在这幅画作中，色彩成为了表达感情的一种方式，再加上人物情感和动势的描绘，让这幅作品拥有了感染人心的力量。
Delacroix used brown-gray tones and contrasts of light and dark to hit the dark brown shadows on the invaders, and placed the group of unarmed people in the sun, their grief and their scars were highlighted. In this painting, color has become a way of expressing feelings and coupled with the depiction of the characters’ emotions and dynamics, this painting has the power to infect people’s hearts.
1830年法国人民推翻波旁王朝的革命运动爆发了，德拉克洛瓦深受感染绘制了巨作《自由领导人民》，又名《1830年7月28日》。画面正中为头戴弗里吉亚帽、坦露双胸的自由女神，她挥动着象征革命的三色旗，号召人民一同反抗。自由女神跨过脚下的尸体，向前迈去，勇往直前。自由女神身后的两个男人，一个着工人装扮 — — 头戴圆帽子，身着敞领白衬衫。一个带着黑色礼帽，身穿礼服，似乎来自资本阶级。此人相貌酷似德拉克洛瓦，或许在画家心中，他也是革命军的一员。
In 1830, the revolutionary movement of the French people to overthrow the Bourbon dynasty broke out. Delacroix was deeply infected and drew the masterpiece “Freedom to Lead the People”, also known as “July 28, 1830”. The center of the picture is the Statue of Liberty wearing a Phrygian hat and showing her breasts. She waved the tricolor flag symbolizing the revolution and called on the people to resist. The Statue of Liberty stepped over the corpse under her feet, stepped forward bravely. The two men behind the Statue of Liberty, one dressed as a worker, wore a round hat and an open-collar white shirt. One wears a black top hat and dress and seems to be from the capital class. This person looks precisely like Delacroix, perhaps in the painter’s mind, he is also a member of the revolutionary army
此画一经问世就引起轩然大波。这幅画作曾经出现在法国政府1980年推出的邮票上，也被引入1983年版的100法郎钞票，英国酷玩乐队也将这幅画作为专辑《玩酷人生》的封面。
Once this painting came out, it caused an uproar. This painting once appeared on a stamp issued by the French government in 1980, and was also introduced into the 1983 version of the 100 franc note. The British band Coldplay also used this painting as the cover of the album “Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends”.
