Caspar David Friedrich: Melancholy Rests in the Soul
卡斯帕·大卫·弗雷德里希(Caspar David Friedrich)(1774–1840)是浪漫主义画派的风景画画家，他的一生都寄情山水，以浪漫而感性的方式表达面对自然时的情感，同时也在诉说自己的故事。
Caspar David Friedrich (1774–1840) is a landscape painter of the Romantic School. He has been passionate about landscapes all his life, expressing his feelings when facing nature with emotions and sensations as if each piece of nature has her own story.
他天性敏感，母亲在他七岁时去世，姐姐在他八岁时去世，十三岁时，哥哥为了救溺水的他丢掉了性命，十七岁时，另外一位姐姐也离开了人世。这些悲痛的经历使得他多愁善感、消极悲观。
He was sensitive by nature. His mother died when he was seven years old. His sister died when he was eight years old. At the age of thirteen, his brother lost his life to save him from drowning. At the age of seventeen, another sister also passed away. These bitter experiences made him sentimental and pessimistic.
这幅《橡树下的寺院》便是一幅混合着死亡气息的风景画。画面描绘了一块荒芜的坟场，下方隐约可见几名僧侣正抬着一副棺木准备下葬。天空明亮温柔，但张牙舞爪的树枝和破败墙壁的剪影为画面增加了几分阴暗，整个画面空灵却透着一丝阴冷，神秘中带着一丝忧郁。
This “The Abbey in the Oakwood” is a landscape painting mixed with death. The picture depicts a deserted cemetery, and several monks are faintly seen carrying a coffin for burial. The sky is bright and gentle, but the silhouettes of the branches with teeth and claws and the ruined walls add a bit of darkness to the picture. Still, the whole painting is ethereal but reveals a trace of coldness and a hint of melancholy in mystery.
《雾海上的旅人》是一幅极美的画，画中人身处山巅，头发在风中有些蓬乱，右手拿着一根细杖，左腿登在岩石之上，眼前山峰俊美，云海辽阔。或许此刻他感受到的是一份超然，或许是一份面对自然的敬畏，又或许是一份山河辽阔前的孤独落寞。
“Wanderer above the Sea of Fog” is a gorgeous painting. The person in the picture is on the top of a mountain, his hair is a little disheveled in the wind, he is holding a thin stick in his right hand, and his left leg is on the rock. The mountains in front of him are beautiful, and the sea of clouds is vast. Perhaps what he felt at this moment was a sense of detachment, a reverence in the face of nature, or maybe loneliness before the immense mountains and rivers.
《冰之海洋》又被称为《希望残骸》（The Wreck of Hope），这幅作品描绘了海难残骸撞破冰原后，碎片堆积起来，宛若一块巨大的坟墓，从边缘伸向天空。画面右侧可以看到残骸的船尾，上面刻有的铭文帮助我们确认这是MHS Griper，威廉·爱德华·帕里(William Edward Parry)向北极探险时所用的船只。
“The Sea of Ice” is also known as “The Wreck of Hope”. This work depicts the debris from a shipwreck crashing into an ice sheet. The waste piles up like a colossal tomb, stretching out from the edge to the sky. The stern of the wreck can be seen on the right side of the screen. The inscription on it helps us confirm that this is the MHS Griper, the ship used by William Edward Parry during his expedition to the North Parry.
在弗雷德里希的作品中，你总能找到一份空灵，一份浪漫，一份忧郁。他的画作、歌德的小说、贝多芬的音乐，同为德国浪漫主义的经典代表。
In Friedrich’s works, you can always find a piece of ethereal, a slice of romantic, and a grasp of melancholy. His paintings, Goethe’s novels, and Beethoven’s music are all classic representatives of German romanticism.
