Bernini: Beyond Sculptor
贝尼尼不仅是一位雕塑家，也是一位建筑师，著名的圣彼得广场便是他亲自监督建设的。
Bernini is not only a sculptor but also an architect. He is the principal architect for the famous St. Peter’s Square.
圣彼得广场被认为是集宗教、艺术和科学为一体，世界上最壮观的广场。广场呈椭圆形，地面用黑色方形石块铺成，广场周围由两组半圆形大理石柱廊（共计284根圆柱，88根方柱）环抱而成，形成了走廊。朝向广场一侧的每根石柱顶端都立有一尊3.2米高的大理石雕像，均为罗马天主教历史上的殉道者，共计140座。从高处向下看去，圣彼得广场仿佛伸出了两条手臂在迎接来自全世界的教徒。
St. Peter’s Square is considered to be the most spectacular square in the world, integrating religion, art, and science. The square is oval, and the ground is paved with black square stones. The square is surrounded by two sets of semicircular marble colonnade (a total of 284 columns and 88 square columns), forming a corridor. At the top of each stone column facing the square is a 3.2-meter-high marble statue, all of which are 140 martyrs in Roman Catholic history. Looking down from a height, St. Peter’s Square seemed to stretch out two arms to greet believers from all over the world.
广场中间矗立着一座方尖石碑，铜狮之间镶嵌着雄鹰，作展翅欲飞状，这座石碑从埃及运来，历史久远，可追溯至公元40年。广场两侧有两座造型讲究的喷泉，分为上下两层，水柱落下形成水帘，潺潺有声。
In the middle of the square stands an obelisk. The lions are inlaid between the bronze lions, spreading their wings and flying. This stone was transported from Egypt and had a long history dating back to 40 AD. There are two elegant fountains on both sides of the square, which are divided into upper and lower floors, and the water column falls to form a water curtain, and the gurgling sound.
广场中央有一个圆形标志，站在圆形标志上看向圆柱，可以看到284根圆柱都交汇成一根立柱。为了实现这个精巧的设计，贝尼尼将立柱设计的高低不同，外围立柱最矮、最粗。
There is a circular sign in the center of the square. Standing on the circular sign and looking at the cylinder, you can see that 284 cylinders all converge into a column. To achieve this ingenious design, Bernini differentiated the columns’ model with the outermost columns being the shortest and thickest.
圣彼得广场后方，便是著名的圣彼得大教堂。
Behind St. Peter ’s Square is the famous St. Peter ’s Baldachin.
圣彼得大教堂内的青铜华盖也由贝尼尼设计、雕刻。青铜华盖位于教堂圆顶的正下方，而青铜华盖下方为圣彼得的坟墓和宗座祭坛。华盖由4根螺旋形铜柱支撑，高度有5层楼之高，每根铜柱下方均有一座雕像，雕刻的分别是隆吉诺、艾莉娜、维罗妮卡和安德烈阿。华盖前方的半圆形栏杆上永燃99盏长明灯。
The bronze canopy in St. Peter’s Basilica was also designed and carved by Bernini. The bronze canopy is located directly under the dome of the church, and under the bronze, the canopy is St. Peter’s tomb and a priestly altar. The canopy is supported by 4 spiral copper pillars and is 5 stories high. There is a statue under each copper pillar, carved by Longino, Elena, Veronica, and Andrea. On the curved railing in front of the canopy, 99 permanent lights are burning forever.
圣彼得宝座原是一个木制宝座，为罗马早期基督教徒的领袖 — — 圣彼得所有。这一木制宝座正面和背面均有雕花图案，但因历史悠久，损坏严重。于是，贝尼尼设计了一个镀金青铜外壳包裹在木制宝座外。贝尼尼设计的青铜宝座上有两个小天使，手持开启天国的钥匙。
The throne of St. Peter was originally a wooden throne and was owned by the early Christian leaders in Rome — St. Peter. This wooden throne has carved patterns on the front and back, but it has been severely damaged due to its long history. So Bernini designed a gold-plated bronze shell wrapped around the wooden throne. On the bronze throne designed by Bernini, two little angels are holding the key to open the kingdom of heaven.
